Framework
Risk

FMEA

Failure modes & effects analysis

Best for
cataloguing engineering risk
Time
1–2 hr
Difficulty
Advanced

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FMEA diagramSchematic of the FMEA framework: Failure modes & effects analysis.S×O×D×RPN
The FMEA diagram — Failure modes & effects analysis.
Example

Engineering FMEA on a payment processing module

Failure modes ranked by RPN
  1. Duplicate charge on retry — Severity 9 × Occurrence 4 × Detection 3 = RPN 108
  2. Webhook lost in transit — Sev 8 × Occ 5 × Det 4 = RPN 160 (top risk)
  3. Refund applied to wrong account — Sev 10 × Occ 2 × Det 5 = RPN 100
  4. Currency rounding mismatch — Sev 5 × Occ 6 × Det 4 = RPN 120
  5. Action: idempotency keys + retry queue + reconciliation job

Related frameworks

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Risk Matrix

Probability × impact

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Bowtie Analysis

Causes → event → consequences

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Risk Register

Logged risks with owner and status

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